Study of the Risk Level and Application of K3 in Clinical Laboratories in the Surabaya Region Based on the Miles & Huberman Analysis Model

Abstract

Occupational health and safety (OHS) in laboratories must be implemented systematically through hazard identification and risk assessment to prevent accidents and design appropriate control strategies. This study aimed to identify potential hazards and assess the level of risk in the implementation of OHS in the UIN Surabaya laboratory. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document review, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results identified 14 potential hazards categorized into four variables: material handling and storage, laboratory design, worker facilities, and work activities. Based on risk assessment using the AS/NZS 4360 standard, 43% of potential hazards were classified as low risk, 14% as moderate risk, and 43% as high risk, with no extreme risks identified. The implementation of OHS in the laboratory was not yet optimal, indicated by the absence of SOPs, limited user knowledge, minimal use of personal protective equipment, and inadequate emergency facilities such as MSDS, first aid kits, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers. These findings highlight the need to develop OHS SOPs, provide MSDS, improve PPE usage, and complete safety facilities to mitigate potential hazards in educational laboratories.